Rhetorical Analysis Essay Examples: Complete Sample & More
Rhetorical analysis is an essential skill for understanding how language influences and persuades.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through a complete rhetorical analysis essay example and break down four key rhetorical situations to help you master the art of effective analysis.
Whether you're analyzing a historical speech, a piece of literature, or an advertisement, this guide will equip you with the tools needed to conduct a thorough and insightful analysis.
What is a Rhetorical Analysis Essay?
A rhetorical analysis essay is a type of writing that examines how an author builds an argument to persuade their audience. Instead of focusing on what the author says, it looks at how they say it. This means analyzing techniques like word choice, tone, structure, and use of rhetorical appeals—ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic).
The goal is to break down the author’s strategies and explain their effect on the audience. You don’t have to agree or disagree with the argument. Instead, your job is to evaluate how effectively the message is delivered.
These essays are common in high school and college, especially in English and writing courses. They help students develop critical thinking and improve their ability to understand persuasive techniques.
In the next sections, we’ll go over an example to show how a rhetorical analysis works in action.
Examples of Rhetorical Analysis Essay
Here's a complete rhetorical analysis essay written at a college level. The example analyzes F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and explores how the novel critiques the American Dream through rhetorical strategies like symbolism, imagery, and irony.
Rhetorical Analysis of The Great Gatsby
Introduction
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is a novel that critiques the American Dream through the tragic story of Jay Gatsby. First published in 1925, the novel explores themes of wealth, class, and illusion in the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald employs rhetorical strategies such as symbolism, imagery, and irony to highlight the moral and social decay beneath the glamorous façade of the 1920s. By analyzing his use of rhetorical devices, we can better understand how he conveys the novel’s central message about the illusion of success and the unattainability of the American Dream.
Use of Symbolism
Symbolism is one of the most effective rhetorical strategies Fitzgerald employs to critique the American Dream. One of the most famous symbols in the novel is the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. This light represents Gatsby’s hopes and dreams, specifically his longing for Daisy. However, the light is always just out of reach, symbolizing the unattainable nature of the dream he has built his life around. Another important symbol is the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, which looms over the Valley of Ashes. These eyes serve as a haunting reminder of a higher moral judgment, watching over the moral corruption of society. Through these symbols, Fitzgerald critiques the idea that wealth and status lead to fulfillment.
Use of Imagery
Fitzgerald’s use of vivid imagery helps immerse readers in the extravagant yet hollow world of the novel. He describes Gatsby’s lavish parties with phrases like “men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars.” This imagery captures the fleeting, superficial nature of Gatsby’s wealth and social status. In contrast, Fitzgerald paints the Valley of Ashes as a bleak wasteland, emphasizing the stark divide between the wealthy and the working class. The detailed descriptions of settings and characters reinforce the novel’s themes and the illusion of prosperity.
Use of Irony
Irony plays a crucial role in shaping the novel’s critique of the American Dream. Gatsby, despite his immense wealth, never truly achieves happiness because his success is built on illusion. The irony of his fate—dying alone while chasing a dream that was never real—reinforces the novel’s message about the emptiness of material success. Additionally, Daisy Buchanan, the woman Gatsby idolizes, is shallow and self-centered. The idea that Gatsby has devoted his life to winning her love, only to be discarded, highlights the destructive power of idealizing an illusion. Through irony, Fitzgerald exposes the contradictions of the American Dream and the moral emptiness of the wealthy elite.
Rhetorical Devices
Fitzgerald employs several rhetorical devices to enhance the novel’s themes. Repetition is evident in Gatsby’s obsessive longing for the past, especially in the phrase “Can’t repeat the past?… Why of course you can!” This repetition highlights Gatsby’s refusal to accept reality. Metaphors are also prevalent, such as comparing Gatsby’s dream to a “foul dust” that follows him, representing the corruption that taints his pursuit of wealth and love. Additionally, contrast is used throughout the novel to highlight the differences between East Egg and West Egg, emphasizing the class divisions in society. These rhetorical elements strengthen the novel’s critique of materialism and the American Dream.
Conclusion
Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is more than just a tale of love and tragedy; it is a powerful critique of the American Dream. Through symbolism, imagery, irony, and other rhetorical devices, Fitzgerald reveals the illusion of success and the moral decay hidden beneath wealth and glamour. The novel remains relevant today, serving as a timeless warning about the dangers of materialism and the pursuit of an unattainable ideal.
Rhetorical Situation Analysis
A rhetorical situation refers to the context in which communication occurs, affecting how the message is delivered and received. It involves understanding the relationship between the speaker, audience, purpose, and the medium of communication. This analysis helps you grasp why a message is framed in a particular way and how it aims to achieve its goal. The main elements of a rhetorical situation include:
Speaker/Writer: Who is delivering the message? What is their credibility or background?
Audience: Who is the message intended for? What are their values, beliefs, or needs?
Purpose: What is the goal of the communication? Is it to inform, persuade, entertain, or motivate?
Context: What is the situation or environment that prompts the message? What are the broader circumstances influencing the communication?
Why Rhetorical Situation Matters in Analysis
The rhetorical situation shapes the way a message is presented. For example, a speaker addressing a political crowd might use different strategies than one giving a lecture to students. By analyzing the rhetorical situation, you can better understand how various factors interact to influence the effectiveness of communication. Recognizing these elements is crucial when writing a rhetorical analysis essay, as it provides the foundation for understanding the writer’s approach and intent.
Examples of Rhetorical Situation in Famous Works
Speaker/Writer:
Example: Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" Speech
King’s credibility as a civil rights leader gives weight to his message. His leadership in the movement makes his appeal to justice and equality more powerful.Audience:
Example: George Orwell's "1984"
Orwell wrote 1984 with a broader, intellectual audience in mind, warning them about totalitarianism. His audience includes readers who understand the dangers of government overreach and value personal freedoms.Purpose:
Example: F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby*
Fitzgerald’s purpose in The Great Gatsby is to critique the American Dream. Through the character of Gatsby, he explores themes of wealth, class, and societal expectations, urging readers to reflect on these ideals.Context:
Example: Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Day of Infamy" Speech
Delivered after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt's speech used the emotional and national context of the tragedy to unite Americans and call for action, leading the U.S. into World War II.
Rhetorical Strategy Analysis
What is a Rhetorical Strategy?
A rhetorical strategy is the method an author or speaker uses to persuade or influence their audience. These strategies help shape how a message is received and make arguments more compelling. The three main rhetorical strategies are:
Ethos (Credibility) – Establishing trust by showing expertise or moral character.
Pathos (Emotion) – Appealing to the audience’s emotions to create a strong reaction.
Logos (Logic) – Using facts, data, and logical reasoning to support an argument.
Authors and speakers often combine these strategies to make their messages more effective. Understanding how these strategies work helps in analyzing how arguments are built and how they impact the audience.
Examples of Rhetorical Strategies in Famous Works
1. Ethos: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Ethos in Action: In Frankenstein, Shelley establishes Victor Frankenstein’s credibility as a scientist by describing his deep knowledge of chemistry and natural philosophy. This makes his creation of the monster more believable. However, as the story progresses, his credibility weakens because of his reckless ambition and irresponsibility.
How It Works: Shelley uses ethos to make readers initially trust Victor, but as he makes more questionable decisions, she challenges that trust. His decline in credibility serves as a warning about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the ethical responsibility of scientists.
2. Pathos: John F. Kennedy’s “We Choose to Go to the Moon” Speech
Pathos in Action: Kennedy inspires the audience by appealing to their sense of adventure, pride, and patriotism. He presents space exploration as a challenge that Americans must rise to meet.
How It Works: By using emotionally charged words and speaking with enthusiasm, Kennedy excites his audience. His speech makes them feel part of something greater than themselves, motivating support for the space program.
3. Logos: Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Logos in Action: Paine argues for American independence using clear, logical reasoning. He provides economic, historical, and political justifications, such as why it makes no sense for a small island (Britain) to rule a vast continent (America).
How It Works: By relying on logical arguments instead of just emotional appeals, Paine makes his case strong and persuasive. His use of reason helped convince many undecided colonists to support the revolution.
4. Combination of Strategies: Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird
Ethos: Atticus Finch, a respected lawyer, establishes credibility through his strong moral principles and legal expertise.
Pathos: The wrongful accusation of Tom Robinson and the prejudice faced by African Americans stir deep emotions in readers.
Logos: Atticus uses logical arguments in court, dismantling the weak evidence against Tom Robinson and proving that racism, not facts, is driving the case.
How It Works: By blending ethos, pathos, and logos, Lee creates a powerful critique of racism and injustice. Readers trust Atticus, feel for Tom Robinson, and recognize the logical flaws in the trial’s outcome.
Rhetorical Effect Analysis
What is the Rhetorical Effect?
Rhetorical effect refers to the impact a speaker or writer has on their audience through the use of rhetorical strategies. It determines how well the message influences, persuades, or moves the audience. Different rhetorical choices—such as emotional appeals, logical arguments, or credibility—create different effects, shaping how the audience thinks, feels, or acts.
By analyzing rhetorical effects, we can understand why certain speeches, books, or essays are powerful and memorable. A strong rhetorical effect can inspire change, evoke strong emotions, or reinforce ideas.
Examples of Rhetorical Effect in Famous Works
1. Emotional Impact: Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
Rhetorical Effect: Angelou uses vivid storytelling and emotional language to describe her experiences with racism and trauma. Her use of pathos makes readers feel deeply connected to her struggles and resilience.
Effect on the Audience: Readers are moved by her personal experiences and develop empathy for the challenges faced by African Americans. The emotional weight of her writing encourages reflection on racial and social issues.
2. Motivational Effect: Winston Churchill’s “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” Speech
Rhetorical Effect: Churchill uses repetition, strong imagery, and a determined tone to inspire British citizens during World War II. His speech is filled with phrases like “we shall fight” to reinforce resilience.
Effect on the Audience: The speech strengthens morale and unity, making citizens feel determined to resist the enemy. The repetition of strong words leaves a lasting impact.
3. Logical Conviction: Plato’s The Republic
Rhetorical Effect: Plato, through the character of Socrates, uses logical arguments (logos) to challenge readers' views on justice, governance, and morality. He presents structured debates and thought experiments, such as the "Allegory of the Cave," to illustrate his points.
Effect on the Audience: Readers are encouraged to think critically about society, questioning their own beliefs. The logical, step-by-step arguments make his ideas persuasive and enduring.
4. Ethical Influence: Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Rhetorical Effect: Douglass establishes credibility (ethos) by detailing his firsthand experience with slavery. His personal account exposes the brutality of slavery while showing his intelligence and moral strength.
Effect on the Audience: The narrative builds trust and respect for Douglass, making his arguments against slavery even more convincing. His credibility and powerful storytelling helped shift public opinion toward abolition.
FAQs
1. How do you write a rhetorical analysis for an essay?
Start by identifying the author’s purpose and audience. Then, analyze how the author uses ethos, pathos, and logos. Structure your essay with an introduction, body paragraphs (each focusing on a rhetorical strategy), and a conclusion.
2. What are the 5 elements of a rhetorical analysis?
Speaker (who is communicating?)
Audience (who is being addressed?)
Purpose (what is the goal?)
Context (what background influences the text?)
Strategies (what rhetorical techniques are used?)
3. How many pieces of evidence do you need in a rhetorical analysis essay?
Typically, you should provide at least three strong examples—one for ethos, one for pathos, and one for logos. However, the number may vary based on the length and complexity of your essay.
4. What is an example of a rhetorical question in an essay?
A rhetorical question is a question asked for effect rather than an actual answer. For example: "Isn’t it time we take action to protect our environment?" This question encourages readers to agree with the author's argument.
5. How to end a rhetorical analysis essay?
Summarize your key points and restate the significance of the rhetorical strategies used. You can also reflect on the overall effectiveness of the text and its impact on the audience.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding how to conduct a rhetorical analysis is a valuable skill for interpreting and evaluating various forms of communication. By exploring the complete essay example and key rhetorical situations, you now have the tools to analyze how language, strategy, and context work together to influence audiences. With practice, you'll be able to apply these insights to a wide range of texts and improve your analytical writing skills.a